Defense Plays Video of Mollie Tibbetts Murder Suspect Sleeping During Overnight Police Interview that Allegedly Produced Confession

Defense attorneys for Iowa murder suspect Cristhian Bahena Rivera on Friday played video of the defendant dozing off for the better part of half an hour during a dark of night police interview. The recording, presented to the jury in fast forward mode, showed the defendant accused of stabbing college student Mollie Tibbetts taking a nap — invariably moving his feet, cradling his head in a comfortable position, using a baseball-style cap to shield his eyes, and eventually touching his head to the table — while the questioning officer was out of the room to fetch him a sandwich and a drink.

Defense attorneys have long suggested that Bahena Rivera’s overnight interview, which occurred after a grueling 12-hour shift on a local farm, may have produced a false confession.

“When you came back into the room, you saw that Mr. Bahena was sleeping, isn’t that right?” defense attorney Jennifer Frese asked former Iowa City Police Officer Pamela Romero.

“I was carrying the food, so I was looking down, and I placed the plate, so when I turned up, I saw him the way he looks in the video: up and seating forward a little bit,” Romero replied.

“So, you’re telling this jury that you did not see him sleeping?” Frese probed.

“I do not recall seeing him with his head down,” said Romero. “I was carrying the food; I was making sure the sandwich was not falling off the plate; I put the plate down with the drink, and then when I looked up, when I noticed Mr. Rivera, he was looking up the way that it is in the video.”

The defense then moved to the transcript to figure out what really happened.

“Ma’am, isn’t it true that as you walked inside the room you said, ‘you fell asleep?'” Frese asked.

“Yes,” Romero said.

The conversation then turned back toward the food Romero had procured for Bahena Rivera. Romero said she didn’t recall all of the conversation off of the top of her head.

The defense has at times suggested that Romero, who grew up in Mexico, spoke a slightly different Spanish dialect than Bahena Rivera spoke because the two were from different regions.

Circling back to the issue of the defendant’s custodial nap, The images of Bahena Rivera were recorded between approximately 8:27 p.m. and 8:57 p.m. Central Standard Time, Frese said.

The Frese’s questioning of Romero continued:

FRESE:  My client . . . he worked a full day at work, is that right?ROMERO:  Yes.Q: He’s told you he worked from 5 a.m. until the law enforcement officers came and spoke with him, is that right?A: That is correct.Q: Do you know of any meals that he was fed between arriving at the law enforcement center and you giving him that sandwich?A: No.Q: Did you ask him when he last ate?A: No.Q: It would be fair to say that the last time he probably had a break, either from being at work or being interviewed, would be at lunch time.  Isn’t that right?A: It would be fair to say that.Q: Alright.  It was certainly past his dinner time at nine o’clock?A: Yes.Q: It probably was about the time this man would be going to sleep, isn’t that correct?

The prosecutor objected because it called for speculation. The judge sustained the objection.

Frese presented another video which showed the defendant looking through his cell phone while eating. At times, the defendant rubbed his eyes. Frese then noted that Rivera’s family showed up at the police station and that Romero told them they might as well go home.

Frese then turned back to the issue of sleep.

FRESE:  Isn’t it true that my client asked you, “I’m going to sleep here? So I can start making myself comfortable in here?”ROMERO:  Yes.Q: And you tell him, “No, no.  For right now just eat, okay?”A: Yes. Again, after that, there was a chuckle with both of us.  He — was — I was understanding that he was asking me if he could get comfortable.  I said, “no, no, don’t — don’t get too comfortable; I’m going to be right back.”Q: Well, you acknowledge that my client indicated that he was very tired.A: Uh, no.  As you can see at the beginning of the videos, the client, sorry, Mr. Rivera, was very active with me when I had contact with him at all times. I do not recall and I do not remember at any time Mr. Rivera leaning backwards in the chair when I was talking to him all the time.  As it was seen in the video he was leaning forward, he was engaged in conversation, he even was leaning on the table towards me.  That is the understanding, so, yes, he was tired, everybody was tired, but I was not able to see that he was really, really tired.Q: Well, you had acknowledged to me, ma’am, and the first time I approached you with the transcript, on page one, or, excuse me, on page 21, you told him, as you walked in, you said, “you fell asleep,” correct?A: Yes.  That was the question that I made.Q: And, when we watched the video, Mr. Bahena was asleep.A: He could have been sleeping; he could have been with his eyes closed.  I wasn’t in the room.Q: Well, he appeared to be sleeping on the video; isn’t that right?A: He, to me, appeared to be resting — leaning against the chair to the back of the room; yes.Q: And then, just a bit later, he asked you — and you’re telling us that it’s a joke — if he was going to sleep there. Is that right?A: I’m not saying that it’s a joke.  I’m telling you that we were both chuckling, that we were both laughing about it. That is what I’m telling you.

Later on during the cross-examination, Romero said she “did not know that Mr. Bahena was a suspect” and disagreed that her conversation with the defendant was an “interrogation.”

“I was not aware that it was a homicide case at the moment,” Romero then testified.

That statement by the officer led to an astonished line of questioning by Frese, who noted that Tibbetts had been missing for “over a month” under highly suspicious circumstances.

“There were several times in the interview where you questioned my client, saying, ‘where’s the body,’ correct?” Frese then asked.

“I do not recall that,” Romero answered.

The defense’s line of questioning is legally relevant. The Supreme Court of the United States, in a series of cases, has held that lengthy interrogations without food or water are likely to produce false confessions and are therefore inadmissible because they are unreliable. The jurisprudence on the issue includes Ashcraft v. Tennessee, a 1944 case involving a young Black man questioned between 6:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m., and again from 7:00 p.m. until 9:30 a.m., about a murder near Memphis in 1941. No recordings of interrogations existed at the time. The defendant said he never confessed; the police said he did. The Supreme Court said it didn’t matter: “if Ashcraft made a confession it was not voluntary but compelled,” the majority held. “The Constitution of the United States stands as a bar against the conviction of any individual in an American court by means of a coerced confession,” wrote Justice Hugo Black for the Court’s majority in an opinion pegged upon the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Another similar case in 1959, Spano v. New York, involved an interrogation between 7:15 p.m. and 4:05 a.m. It was followed by a 4:30 a.m. to 6 a.m. ride to a murder scene. The Supreme Court flipped the defendant’s conviction due in part to the interrogation techniques, but also in part because the defendant’s repeated requests for counsel were denied and because the defendant had already been indicted. In other words, the crime was not “unsolved.”

“We conclude,” the Court wrote in Spano, that the defendant’s “will was overborne by official pressure, fatigue and sympathy falsely aroused after considering all the facts.”

Another case in this line of jurisprudence, Colorado v. Connelly (1986), collects cases in a footnote which explain the nexus of food and water to the voluntariness inquiry in whether or not a confession has been “coerced” by, in essence, starving an admission of guilt out of a defendant. The relevant footnote reads:

Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U. S. 385 (1978) (defendant subjected to 4-hour interrogation while incapacitated and sedated in intensive-care unit); Greenwald v. Wisconsin, 390 U. S. 519 (1968) (defendant, on medication, interrogated for over 18 hours without food or sleep); Beecher v. Alabama, 389 U. S. 35 (1967) (police officers held gun to the head of wounded confessant to extract confession); Davis v. North Carolina, 384 U. S. 737 (1966) (16 days of incommunicado interrogation in closed cell without windows, limited food, and coercive tactics); Reck v. Pate, 367 U. S. 433 (1961) (defendant held for four days with inadequate food and medical attention until confession obtained); Culombe v. Connecticut, 367 U. S. 568 (1961) (defendant held for five days of repeated questioning during which police employed coercive tactics); Payne v. Arkansas, 356 U. S. 560 (1958) (defendant held incommunicado for three days with little food; confession obtained when officers informed defendant that Chief of Police was preparing to admit lynch mob into jail); Ashcraft v. Tennessee, 322 U. S. 143 (1944) (defendant questioned by relays of officers for 36 hours without an opportunity for sleep).

All of those convictions were reversed, and the case law is the genesis of the near obsession by both police and defense attorneys with whether or not a suspect has been frequently offered food, water, and bathroom breaks.

What the jury in Bahena Rivera’s case has not heard — and will not hear — is a collection of allegedly incriminating statements made by the defendant after Officer Romero failed to adequately advise him of his right against self-incrimination under Miranda v. Arizona (1966). Romero left out one part: she failed to tell Bahena Rivera that his statements could be used against him in court. The judge threw out that part of what Rivera said during the hours-long interrogation but otherwise allowed most of the interrogation and its fruits to be included in the ongoing trial.

Bahena Rivera’s defense is now pressing the issue involving the length of the interrogation with hopes a jury or more likely an appeals court will jettison any thought of conviction. Bahena Rivera was interviewed for eleven hours, the defense says, but prosecutors have noted that he was provided with breaks and food.

Watch the testimony below:

[images via the Law&Crime Network]